The Bohr atom
Protons, neutrons and electrons make up an atom. Choose an element to relate its particle counts to its structure.
Reference age · UK/US 15+ · East Asia 15+Open modelModel catalog · 03 / 05
Chemistry
Table salt dissolves in water, while diamond is difficult to scratch. Such properties depend on how atoms, ions and molecules are arranged and held together. Models of bonds, crystals and reactions connect these structures with what we observe.
14models05learning tracks
Hydrogen orbitals
An electron cloud represents where an electron may be found. Its shape, zero-probability regions and wave-function signs describe different things.
Reference age · UK/US 17+ · East Asia 17+Open model
Covalent bonding
Two hydrogen atoms can share electrons while remaining a certain distance apart. Changes in potential energy explain the bond and its length.
Reference age · UK/US 15+ · East Asia 15+Open model
Hybrid orbitals
Adding amplitudes at the same position combines s and p orbitals into orbitals pointing in particular directions.
Reference age · UK/US 17+ · East Asia 17+Open model
Naming and drawing organic compounds
A skeletal formula leaves out many letters but still records how atoms connect. Understanding those omissions lets us check a structure against its name, including the numbering of branches, rings and multiple bonds.
Reference age · UK/US 17+ · East Asia 17+Open model
Acids, bases & neutralisation
An acid–base reaction changes a solution. An indicator gives us a visible way to judge the endpoint of a titration.
Reference age · UK/US 15+ · East Asia 15+Open modelYou can open 6 of the 14 models in Chemistry. Sign in or create an account, and you can open all of them.
Sign in / Sign up